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English text of the remaining pages (from p. 170 on) of the 1985 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1985).

English text of the remaining pages, from p. 170 on, of the 1987 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1987).

English translation of the 2006 Constitution of Mauritania (1991 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, as amended to Constitutional Law No. 2006-014 of 12 July 2006).

English text of the remaining pages (170 on) of the 2011 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to Act No. 1 of 2011).

English text of the remaining pages (170 on) 2016 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-second Amendment Act of 2016).

English text of the remaining pages (170 on) of the 2018 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-fifth Amendment Act of 2018).

The Western Cape High Court in Cape Town declared the 1953 Wills Act inconsistent with the South Africa Constitution, because the statute’s provisions were previously interpreted to recognize only legal marriage and not Muslim marriages.

English text of the first 169 pages of the 1985 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1985). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "1985 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 169 pages of the 1987 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 1987). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "1987 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2010 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to 2010). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2010 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2012 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to Act No. V of 2012). The remaining pages can be found in a separate document denoted "2012 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2016 Constitution of Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-second Amendment Act of 2016). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2016 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

English text of the first 170 pages of the 2018 Constitution fo Pakistan (1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, as amended to the Twenty-fifth Amendment Act of 2018). The remaining pages can be found in a second document denoted "2018 Constitution of Pakistan (p. 170 on)".

On January 17, 2023, the National Assembly of Pakistan passed a bill expanding the country’s laws on blasphemy. Previously, Pakistan’s blasphemy laws subjected those who insulted the Prophet Muhammad to the death penalty. The amended blasphemy laws carry a minimum ten-year prison sentence for those deemed to have insulted any of the Prophet’s Companions or Family members, and it renders blasphemy a non-bailable offense.

A baby produced through medical intervention by the sperm and egg of duly wedded couples (without involving a third party) is permissible under Islamic law. However, surrogacy is not allowed because marriage is the only means through which children should be produced under Islamic law. Surrogacy is likely to give rise to innumerable legal problems regarding paternity and maternity of the surrogate children, the relationship between actual children and surrogate children, and inheritance rights.

The Compilation of Islamic Laws (Kompilasi Hukum Islam) is the Republic of Indonesia's own state-sanctioned compilation of Islamic laws on marriage, inheritance and charitable foundations (wakaf). Established pursuant to Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 1991, it was compiled within the two authoritative symbols of Soeharto's New Order: the Pancasila and 1945 Constitution. Kompilasi Hukum Islam was intended to be treated as a set of guidelines, rather than an enforceable statute, its intended effect being to make matters of Islamic law become matters of the state.

Religion appears in the constitutions of the Arab world, almost all with Muslim majorities, in a variety of ways. But aside from ensuring a public role for religion, these states are far from theocratic and show considerable though subtle diversity within them. 

This note acknowledges Constitutional Court decision number 17/PUU-VI/2008, which found art 58(q) of Law No. 12 of 2008 to be invalid.

Petitioner Kofi Easterling, an inmate at Green Bay Correctional Institution (GBCI), filed suit against the Respondents, various prison officials, alleging that they ignored the Petitioner's instructions as to when Ramadan began. The Petitioner claimed that the Respondents’ Ramadan date violated his religious beliefs under the First Amendment and RLUIPA. In the District Court, the Respondents filed a motion for summary judgment, to which the Plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment in response. The District Court granted summary judgment to the Respondents, finding that the Plaintiff’s RLUIPA claim failed because he had produced no evidence of a substantial burden on his religious exercise. Because the Plaintiff failed to meet his burden under RLUIPA, he similarly failed to establish that the Respondents burdened a “central religious belief or practice” in violation of the Free Exercise Clause. Therefore, the Respondents were entitled to summary judgment on the First Amendment and RLUIPA claims. The Court of Appeals affirmed.

In its judgment dated December 15, 2023, a majority of the Supreme Court of Pakistan upheld various provisions of the Supreme Court Act of 2023 as constitutional. The majority rejected arguments that the Act sought to interfere with the Court's independence and exclusive jurisdiction over its own affairs and internal organization. Certain provisions of the Act constrain the power of the Chief Justice and provide certain guarantees that some cases need to be heard by a committee of justices as opposed to a single justice or only a few of them. Most importantly, the Court, in upholding the Act, rejected the Chief Justice's power as the so-called "Master of the Roster." Previously, under that power, the Chief Justice had the ability to constitute benches, that is, appoint individual justices of his choosing, who then heard specific cases. Rejecting that power, the Court ruled that the "Master of the Roster" power was alien to the Constitution of Pakistan. Further, the Court noted that the word "master" was offensive and un-Islamic, writing that "Islam establishes the principle of equality . . . ."