SHARIAsource

MWNUK published this report to inform Muslim women in Britain about their rights regarding marriage and divorce. It includes case studies and answers questions they commonly receive. Written to also assist academics, policymakers, religious authorities, and other relevant organizations, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the secular and religious legal problems Muslim women may face in obtaining a divorce.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Austria's Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Kingdom of Belgium (Royaume de Belgique [French]/Koninkrijk Belgie [Dutch]/Koenigreich Belgien [German]), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Belgium’s Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

Amendment 219(C) to the Policing and Crime Bill would require all religious marriages to comply with English and Welsh marriage laws. Baroness Cox of the House of Lords proposed and defended the amendment in her statements to the House of Lords on November 16, 2016.

The Greek General Secretariat, Ministry of the Interior drafted a bill designed to prioritize Greek civil law over religious (namely Islamic) family law. This was due to concern about the rights of young Muslim minority women. However, the bill was never brought before the Greek Parliament.

Constitution for Andorra in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

Constitution for Austria in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

Constitution for Belgium in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

Two Muslim women who were prohibited by their respective employers from wearing a ḥijāb sued their employers on the grounds of religious discrimination. The Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) decided whether these women had been unfairly dismissed by their respective employers when taking into account the 2000 EU directive on discrimination in the workplace. The ECJ ruled that the first employer's internal directive against religious symbols was not applied in a directly discriminatory manner against the first woman. While indirect discrimination could be a possibility it "may be objectively justified by a legitimate aim." As for the second case, the ECJ decided "that the willingness of an employer to take account of the wishes of a customer no longer to have the services of that employer provided by a worker wearing an Islamic headscarf cannot be considered a genuine and determining occupational requirement within the meaning of the directive."

Constitution for Denmark in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

Constitution for France in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

Constitution for Germany in English, published with the permission of Constitute.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Germany's Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Hellenic Republic/Greece (Elliniki Dimokratia), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Greece’s Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Republic of Iceland (Lydveldid Island), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Iceland's Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of Ireland (Eire), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Ireland's Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Italy’s Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Principality of Liechtenstein (Fuerstentum Liechtenstein), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Leichtenstein's Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Grand Duchee de Luxembourgde), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Luxembourg’s Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.

This Country Profile provides a basic overview of the legal history and institutional structures of the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), based on research produced by GlobaLex at NYU Law School and the Library of Congress. Under Malta’s Constitution, Islamic law (sharīʿa or fiqh) has no legal status.