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This document reflects changes made to the Criminal Procedure Bill following the objections of the Guardian Council.

This document reflects the final changes in the Criminal Procedure Bill following the objections of the Guardian Council.

After several revisions made to the original Criminal Procedure Code according to the opinion of the Guardian Council this law became final and entered into force.

Parliament introduced a bill amending 38 articles of the Criminal Procedure Code adopted a year before.

After revising the first draft according to the opinion of the Guardian Council the law amending 38 articles of the Criminal Procedure Code 2014 became final.

This document contains revisions to the Criminal Procedure Bill following the objections of the Guardian Council.

This document contains revisions to the Criminal Procedure Draft following the objections of the Guardian Council.

A female applicant filed a complaint against the Traffic Police for refusing to grant her a motorcycle license. The Court of Administrative Justice rejected the argument that the police department was allowed to issue such a license only for men and stated that riding a motorcycle has nothing to do with gender and is not prohibited under law.

The plaintiff brought a case before the General Court of Roudehen seeking the Court’s authorization for remarriage. The Court rejected his claimed and stated that Article 16 of the Family Protection Law 1974 was unconstitutional.

The General Body of The Supreme Court of Iran issued a unifying decision requiring the Fund for Bodily Injuries to pay the difference in diyah of men and women both in cases of death and other bodily injuries. 

Fatwā concerning the legality, based on their interpretation of Islamic law, of fasting in the month of Ramadan, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The answer provided by Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei on 19 April 2020 is that individuals must fast during Ramadan, unless an individual has a reason to believe that fasting will 1) cause an illness, 2) intensify an illness, 3) prolong an illness, or delay one’s recuperation. 

One of the core functions of the courts in the Ottoman Empire was to allow the government to keep its officials in check, and to allow subjects to challenge abuses of power. In this court case from Cairo in 1672, the commander of Muwaylīḥ fortress on the Hijaz coast, in what is now northern Saudi Arabia, is accused of aiding a pirate attack on a boat belonging to an Upper Egyptian merchant.

The merchant brought the lawsuit in al-Dīwān al-ʿĀlī, the council of the Ottoman governor of Egypt, which functioned as a sharīʿa court as well as an administrative council. When operating as a court, a qāḍī presided over the proceedings, as in any other sharīʿa court, but in many cases, such as this one, the governor attended as well.[1] The reason that the lawsuit was brought in Cairo is not only that the plaintiff was Egyptian. While the Ottoman Hijaz was governed by a semi-autonomous dynasty, its military administration was the responsibility of the governor of Egypt. Muḥammad Āghā, the fortress commander, was therefore subject to the jurisdiction of governor Ibrāhīm Pasha.

The military status of the defendant also helps explain the frustrating lack of a clear conclusion to this case. After the plaintiff provides evidence, the qāḍī finds Muḥammad Āghā guilty of aiding the pirate attack, but specifies no punishment or compensation. Instead, according to the document, he simply imposes “what the sharīʿa deems necessary.” As the defendant was a military officer, the qāḍī’s role in this case was simply to determine the facts and assign liability. Any penalties were likely decided by the military authorities, possibly by Ibrāhīm Pasha himself.

No registers of the Dīwān al-ʿĀlī survive from this period; the earliest extant register is from 1741. This case has survived in the form of a ḥujja, the certificate issued by the court to litigants at the conclusion of a case, a copy of which was made in the register. To be precise, the document is a certified copy of the ḥujja. It is now held at the Başbakanlık, the central Ottoman archives in Istanbul, which suggests that the case was sufficiently important to have been reported to the central government.

[1] On the function of the Dīwān al-ʿĀlī, see James E. Baldwin, Islamic Law and Empire in Ottoman Cairo (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017), 37-9, 63-71.

This fatwā recognizes the importance of scientific advancement, but with limitations in regards to cloning. The fatwa declares the position of the Shari'a on the issue, as forbidding the cloning of human beings; but permitting the use of cloning techniques and genetic engineering in the fields of microbiology, botanic and zoology, albeit with limitations. 

One volume of a 30 volume collection of contemporary legal cases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This specific volume includes various cases and topics pertaining to vehicle accidents, zīna (adultery), prostitution, request of reimbursement, and acquisitions. 

In its decision, the Turkish Council of State (the highest administrative court in Turkey) has decided that the cabinet decision dated 1934 that converted the Kariye Mosque into a museum was void, as it contravened the waqf deed which had dedicated the building as a mosque open to public use.

This presidential decision signed by Turkey's founding president Kemal Ataturk and his cabinet members converted the Hagia Sophia from a mosque into a museum. The decision cites a letter from the Ministry of Education of the time arguing that said conversion would "make the entire Orient happy" and "gift humanity a new site of knowledge."  The Ministry of Education's letter proposing the conversion into a museum, which the presidential decision cites and upon which it is based, also argues that the mosque has no waqf status–despite being used by Ottoman sultans–due to its status as "an artifact from the Byzantines."  

Following the administrative court decision that annulled the Cabinet Decision of 1945 that converted the Kariye Mosque into a museum, President Erdogan made the decision to transfer the management of the site to the Presidency of Religious Affairs and restore it as a mosque open to worship.

Arabic text of the 1837 "Quasi-Constitution"/Organic Law (Qānūn al-Siyāsatnāmah) of Egypt under Muḥammad ʿAlī.

English translation of the 1906 Constitution of Persia (now Iran), as amended by and including the Supplementary Constitutional Law of 7 October 1907.