SHARIAsource

This is a reference to Kitāb ʿAlī, an early book that contained material transmitted by ʿAlī from the Prophet, which Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq possessed and showed to his disciple Zurāra. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that ʿAlī was "the father" of the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet and that the Prophet's teachings were passed down through the family from one generation to the next.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet being informed primarily by the teachings and practice of ʿAlī, his sons Ḥasan and Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, and Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq. Hossein Modarressi argues that it was with al-Bāqir that this legacy assumed formal shape as a systematic and well-organized tradition.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to ʿAlī's description of the Sunna of the Prophet. Hossein Modarressi argues that in the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet, the Prophet's Sunna was next to the Qurʾān in importance.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to al-Shāfiʿī's report indicating that the Prophet advised his followers to compare the statements attributed to him to the Qurʾān and to accept those that conform to the Qurʾān and reject those that do not. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show that the understanding among many early Muslims was that the Qurʾān was the criterion for testing the validity of all other sources.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a story about one of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's slaves, together with someone else, who killed a person. When permission for retaliation was sought from al-Ṣādiq by the governor of Medina, al-Ṣādiq at first remained silent because his view was that two people could not be put to death for the murder of one person, later withdrawing his protection of his slave after the victim's family convinced the governor to put pressure on him. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to explain that al-Ṣādiq was keenly attuned to social sensitivities.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022). 

This is a reference to ʿAlī's refusal to adopt the practice of anyone beside the Prophet, including the caliphs who preceded him when he was offered the caliphate after the death of ʿUmar. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that ʿAlī understood the Sunna to be restricted to the Prophet's actions, decisions, and endorsements.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's position on the consequences of ignorance of the law, especially among new converts. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference as an example of one of the legal presumptions of al-Ṣādiq's legal school: the effect of ignorance.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's use of term Āl Umayya rather than the more common term Banū Umayya to refer to the Umayyads. Hossein Modarressi draws on this reference to make the case that al-Ṣādiq's advice to his followers to follow that which contradicts the masses had no sectarian implications; rather, it was because the Umayyads had insisted on promoting beliefs and practices that explicitly contradicted the legal legacy of the House of the Prophet. 

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report by Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq where he is asked about the permissibility of consuming an eel-like fish (jirrī/jirrīth); al-Ṣādiq states that eating it is impermissible based on the view of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that, contrary to reports found in some Sunnī works that claim that ʿAlī agreed with others on the lawfulness of eating jirrī, reports from al-Ṣādiq and his father al-Bāqir challenge the validity of this attribution.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's position on recognizing the validity of the rules of other religions, such as marriage among the Magians, for example. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference as an example of one of the legal presumptions of al-Ṣādiq's legal school: the rule of recognition.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a collection of multiple reports in connection with mutʿa marriage. Hossein Modarressi cites this source to argue that Sunnī scholars disagreed over whether and when mutʿa was abrogated by the Prophet or, as was commonly believed, proscribed by ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report in Muslim's Ṣaḥīḥ collection indicating that mutʿa remained in effect during the lifetime of the Prophet and Abū Bakr. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show the complexity of discussions surrounding the meaning and lawfulness of mutʿa in early Islamic discourse.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to unusual sexual behaviors that were espoused by the school of Medina based on the idea that a wife's entire body was available for her husband's pleasure. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show that, along with other schools and jurists, Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq strictly forbade such sexual relations.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to reports from Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq that condemn certain sexual behaviors (e.g., anal intercourse) and clarify the meaning of Q. 2:223: "Your women are a tilth to you, so go unto your tilth as you will." Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in the course of his discussion on the attribution of conflicting legal views to al-Ṣādiq on the subject.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the opinion that held to the continuing legality of mutʿa in the first century and the first half of the second century of Islam, represented by Ibn ʿAbbās and the school of Mecca, which was also held by Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to make the case that mutʿa was considered to be lawful and established by the Qurʾān and the Prophetic Sunna in the legal legacy of the House of the Prophet.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022). 

This is a reference to the tradition of the House of the Prophet that held the call to prayer (adhān) to be taught to the Prophet by the angel Gabriel. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference as an example of how the tradition of the House of the Prophet compared to the Sunnī belief that the call to prayer originated in a Companion's dream.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report by Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq that indicates the importance of performing each daily prayer in its respective best time. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show that, although al-Ṣāḍiq and his father al-Bāqir endorsed the practice of the Prophet that permitted combining prayers (outside of special circumstances), they also emphasized the importance of performing each prayer separately during its time. This is another example of differing legal practices between the Shīʿa and other Muslims.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report by Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq that holds the original call to prayer (adhān) to have included a call to "the best of acts" (ḥayya ʿalā khayr al-ʿamal). Hossein Modarressi cites this report as an example of one of the differences between the legal legacy of the House of the Prophet and other legal schools with respect to cases concerning prayer.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report by Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq in conversation with his disciple Abān b. Taghlib concerning restitution for bodily injury to a woman. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in the course of his discussion about the authority of the Imam to determine correct answers when legal cases arose that appeared to contradict common sense.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022). 

This is a reference to a report from Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq where he advises his followers to suspend judgment and refer the case to the Imam when they are unable to discern a legal ruling based on the sources.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).