Topics & Themes
Geographic Regions
Empires & Eras
Document Types
Editors & Contributors
Special Collections
About SHARIAsource
Twitter
Facebook
Blog
SHARIAsource
at Harvard Law School
Advanced Search
Advanced Search
Filter
clear all
expand all
contract all
Date
All
AH
CE
Original Language
All
Arabic
Bahasa
Bahasa and English
Chinese
English
French
German
Malay and English
Persian
Turkish
Greek
Amharic
Contributors
All
Zubair Abbasi
Bakhtiyor Abdulhamidov
Dina Afrianty
Esther Agbaje
Alizeh Ahmad
Rabiat Akande
Sheza Alqera
Rashid Alvi
Abed Awad
Nimra Azmi
James Baldwin
Aslihan Bulut
Alicia Daniel
Ashley Davis
Clare Duncan
Matthew Erie
Meagan Froemming
Phunk Gadoury
Matt Galvin
Katherine Gonzalez
Bushra Hamid
Hannah Hess
Roozbeh Jabbarizadeh
Aleema Jamal
Waskito Jati
Akhila Kolisetty
Paul Lee
Darrick Northington
Gizem Orbey
Philip Ostien
Intisar Rabb, Senior Scholar
Jeff Redding
ACU Research Staff
Joshua Roose
Sam Rubinstein
Mohammad Sagha
Ari Schriber
Ahmed El Shamsy
SHARIAsource Staff
Sharon Tai
Nazow Tarakai
Cem Tecimer
Marzieh Tofighi Darian
Marzieh Tofighi Darian
Ilker Tsavousoglou
Noor Zafar
Ctrl-click to select multiple people.
Topics
All
Wills, Trusts, & Estates
Torts
Ritual Law
Property Law
Procedure
Legislation & Regulation
Legal History
Labor & Employment Law
Jurisprudence
Islamic Finance
International law
Immigration Law
Health Law
Family Law
Discrimination / Equal Protection
Disability Law
Criminal Law
Contracts & Commercial Law
Constitutional Law
Administrative Law
Themes
All
Apostasy & Blasphemy
Copyright & Intellectual Property
Environmental Law
Human Rights
Islamic Government
Law & Development
Legal Education
Law & Economics
Science, Technology, and the Law
Civil Rights
War and Armed Conflict
Geographic Regions
All
Africa
Central Africa
Angola
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa)
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Sao Tome and Principe
East Africa
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Reunion
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
Somaliland
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
North Africa
Algeria
Libya
Morocco
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Western Sahara
Southern Africa
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Swaziland
West Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Côte D'ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Saint Helena
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
America
Central America & Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Maarten
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands
Virgin Islands (British)
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
North America
Canada
Mexico
United States
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia
Central & Western Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Mongolia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
China
Hong Kong
Japan
Macau
North Korea
South Korea
Taiwan
Tibet
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei
Cambodia
East Timor
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar (Burma)
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
The Pacific
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tahiti
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Europe
Central & Eastern Europe
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Cyprus (North)
Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Montenegro
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Ukraine
Western Europe
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
San Marino
Scotland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Vatican
Wales
IGOs
African Union (AU)
Arab League
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Council of Europe
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Group of Seven/Group of Eight
Group of Twenty
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Bank for Reconstrution and Development (IBRD)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Court (ICC)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Nonaligned Movement
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
Regional Development Banks
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur/Mercosul)
The Commonwealth
The European Union (EU)
United Nations Eductional, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations (UN)
Western European Union (WEU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Middle East
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Empires & Eras
All
ʿAbbāsids
Caliphs in Cairo
Caliphs in Iraq
Sultans in Egypt & Syria
Ayyūbids (Egypt, Syria, Diyār Bakr, W Jazīra, Yemen)
Fāṭimids (N Africa, Egypt, S Syria)
Ikhshidids (Egypt, S Syria)
Mamlūks (Egypt, Syria)
Mirdasids (N & Central Syria)
Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs (W Syria)
Ṭūlūnids (Egypt, Syria)
Early Islamic Rule (Arabia, Iraq, Persia)
Prophet Muḥammad’s Time
The 12 Shīʿī Imāms
The Sunnī Rightly Guided 4 Caliphs (al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn)
Subsequent Empires & Eras by Region
Anatolia
Ashraf or Eshref Oghullari (S-Central Anatolia)
Aydïn Oghullari (W Anatolia)
Beys of Alanya (S Anatolia coastland)
Chobān Oghullarï (Kastamonu/Qasṭamūnī)
Dānishmendids (N-Central Anatolia; E Anatolia)
Dulghadïr Oghullarï or Dhū ʾl-Qadrids (SE Anatolia)
Eretna Oghullarï (NE Anatolia)
Germiyān Oghullari (W Anatolia)
Ḥamīd Oghullarï & Tekke Oghullarï (W-Central Anatolia, SW coastland)
Inanj Oghullarï (SW Anatolia: Deñizli)
Jāndār Oghullarï or Isfandiyār Oghullarï (Black Sea coastland)
Mengüjekids (N Anatolia: Erzincan, Divriği, Kemakh)
Menteshe Oghullarï (SW Anatolia)
Ottomans (NW Anatolia, Balkans, MENA, Eritrea)
Parwāna Oghullarï (Black Sea coast: Sinop)
Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn Oghullarï (NE Anatolia)
Qaramān Oghullarï (S-Central Anatolia, Mediterranean coastland)
Qarasī or Karasī Oghullarï (SW Anatolia)
Ramaḍan Oghullarï (Cilicia, Little Armenia)
Ṣāḥib Atā Oghullarï (W-Central Anatolia)
Saltuqis (E Anatollia: Erzurum)
Ṣarukhān Oghullarï (W Anatolia)
Seljuqs of Rūm (W-Central Anatolia: Konya; most of Anatolia)
Tāj al-Dīn Oghullarï (Black Sea Coast hinterland: Canik/Jānīk)
Arabian Peninsula
Āl al-Julanda (Oman)
Āl Bū Saʿīd (Oman: Muscat; Zanzibar)
Āl Rashīd (N Najd)
Āl Saʿūd (Najd, Ḥijāz, modern Saudi Arabia)
Carmathian (Qarmaṭī) Rulers (Syria, Iraq, E Arabia)
Hamdānids (N Yemen: Ṣanʿāʾ)
Hāshimite Sharīfs (Mecca, Ḥijāz, Fertile Crescent)
Mahdids (Yemen: Zabīd)
Mukramids (Coastal Oman)
Najāhids (Yemen: Zabīd)
Rasūlids (S Yemen, Tihāma: Taʿizz)
Ṣulayhids (Yemen: Ṣanʿāʾ, Dhū Jibla)
Ṭāhirds (S Yemen, Tihāma: al-Miqrāna, Juban)
Yaʿrubids (Oman: Rustāq)
Yuʿfirids (Yemen: Ṣanʿāʾ, Janad)
Zaydī Imāms (Yemen: Ṣaʿda, Ṣanʿāʾ)
Ziyādids (Yemen: Zabīd)
Zurayʿids or Banū ʾl-Karam (S Yemen: Aden)
Central Asia & Afghanistan: After the Mongols
Mangïts (Khanate of Bukhārā)
Mings (Khanate of Khoqand)
Qungrats or Ïnaqids (Khanate of Khīva)
Shïbānids (or Shaybānids) or Abū ʾl-Khayrids (Transoxania, N Afghanistan)
Toqay Temürids or Jānids or Ashtarkhānids (Transoxania, N Afghanistan)
Central Asia, Far East & Eastern Europe
Chaghatayids (Transoxania; Mogholistan: Semirechye, E Turkestan)
Giray Khāns (Crimea, S Ukraine)
Il Khānids (Persia, Iraq, E & Central Anatolia)
Khāns of Astrakhān (Lower Volga & adjacent steppelands)
Khāns of Qāsimov (Ryazan to SE of Moscow)
Khāns of Qāzān (Middle Volga)
Khāns of the Golden Horde (W Siberia, Khwārazm, S Russia)
Mongols & the later Yüan Dynasty of China (Mongolia, China)
East Africa & Horn of Africa
Āl Bū Saʿīd (Zanzibar & E Africa coastland)
Mazrūʿī Liwalis of Mombasa (Mobasa, Pemba Island)
Nabhānī Rulers of Pate (Island of Pate, modern Kenyan coastland)
Sultans of Harar (SE Ethiopia)
Sultans of Kilwa (Tanzanian coastland)
Eastern Persia, Central Asia & the Fertile Crescent
Bānījūrids or Abū Dāwūddids (Balkh, Ṭukhāristān)
Ilyāsids (Kirman)
Khwārazm Shāhs (Khwārazm)
Muḥtājids (Khurāsān, Chaghāniyān)
Qarakhānids (Transoxania, Farghāna, Semirechye, E Turkestan)
Ṣaffārids (Sīstān, Persia, E Afghanistan)
Sāmānids (Transoxania, Khurāsān)
Sīmjūrids (Khurāsān, Quhistān)
Ṭāhirids & Muṣʿabids (Khurāsān, Iraq: Baghdad)
Indian Subcontinent & Afghanistan
Abdālī or Durrānī Rulers & Kings (Afghanistan)
ʿĀdil Shāhīs (Bījapur)
Arghūns (Multan & Sind)
Bahmanids (N Deccan)
Barīd Shāhīs (Bīdar)
Delhi Sultans (N India, N Deccan)
Fārūqī Rulers of Khāndesh (NW Deccan)
Ghaznavids (Afghanistan, Khurāsān, Baluchistan, NW India)
Ghūrids (Ghūr, Khurāsān, NW India)
ʿImād Shāhīs (Berār)
Mughal Emperors (India)
Muslim Rulers in Mysore (S India)
Nawwāb-Viziers & Kings of Qudh (Awadh) (N India)
Nawwāb-Viziers & Nawwāb-Nāẓims (Bengal)
Niẓām Shāhīs (Aḥmadnagar)
Niẓāms of Hyderabad (S India)
Quṭb Shāhīs (Golconda-Muḥammadnagar)
Sharqī Sultans of Jawnpur (E-Central, N India)
Sultans of Bengal (Bengal, Bihār)
Sultans of Gujarāt (W India)
Sultans of Kashmir (Kashmir)
Sultans of Maʿbar or Madura (S Deccan)
Sultans & Rulers of Mālwa (Central India)
Iraq, Jazīra, Lebanon
Hamdānids (Jazīra, N. Syria)
Maʾn Amīrs (S Lebanon)
Marwānids (Diyār Bakr)
Mazyadids (Ḥilla, Central Iraq)
Numayrids (Ḥarrān, Sarūj, Qalʿat Jaʿbar, Raqqa)
Shihāb Amīrs (Lebanon)
The ʿUqaylids (Iraq, Jazīra, N Syria)
North Africa & Iberian Peninsula
ʿAbd al-Wādids or Zayyānids (Algeria)
Aghlabids (Ifrīqiya, Algeria, Sicily)
ʿAlawid or Filalī Sharīfs (Morocco)
Almohads or al-Muwaḥiddūn (N Africa, Spain)
Almoravids or al-Murābiṭūn (NW Africa, Spain)
Banū Ghāniya (Balearic Islands)
Hafsids (Tunisia, Algeria)
Husaynid Beys (Tunisia)
Idrīsids (Morocco)
Marīnids (N Africa)
Midrarids (Morocco)
Mulūk al-Ṭawāʾif/Reyes de Taifas (Central & Southern Spain)
Naṣrids or Banū al-Aḥmar (Granada)
Rustamids (Algeria)
Saʿdid Sharīfs (Morocco)
Sanūsī Chiefs an Rulers (Sudan, Libya)
The Kalbids (Sicily)
The Qaramanlīs (Tripolitania)
Wattāsids (Morocco, Central Maghrib)
Zirids & Hammādids (Tunisia, E Algeria)
Persia: After the Mongols
Afshārids (Persia)
Aq Qoyunlu (Diyār Bakr, E Anatolia, Azerbaijan, W. Persia, Fars, Kirman)
Injuʾids (Fars)
Jalāyrids (Iraq, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan)
Karts or Kurts (E Khurāsān, N Afghanistan)
Mushaʾshaʾids (SW Persia: ʿArabistān)
Muẓaffarids (S, W Persia)
Pahlavīs (Persia)
Qājārs (Persia)
Qara Qoyunlu (E Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, W Persia)
Ṣafavids (Persia)
Sarbadārids (W Khurāsān)
Tīmūrids (Transoxania, Persia)
Zands (Persia, except Khurāsān)
SE Asia & Indonesia
Rulers of Malacca (SW Coast of Malay peninsula)
Rulers of Mataram (Central Java)
Sultans of Aceh (N Sumatra)
Sultans of Brunei (N Borneo)
Sultans of Jogjakarta (S-Central Java)
Susuhanans of Surakarta (Central Java)
West Africa
Fulānī Rulers in Hausaland, Sokoto (N Nigeria, Niger Valley)
Keita Kings (Mali, N Guinea, Gambia, Senegal)
Kings of Songhay (Mali: Savannah Zone)
Rulers of Kanem & Bornu (E-Central Sudan)
Western Persia, Central Asia & the Fertile Crescent
Aḥmadīlīs (Azerbaijan: Marāgha, Rūʾīn Diz)
ʿAnnāzids (S Kurdistan, Luristān)
Artuqids (Diyār Bakr)
Atabegs (Yazd)
Bādūspānis (Caspian coastlands: Rūyan, Rustamdār)
Bāwandid Ispahbadhs (Ṭabaristan, Gīlān highlands)
Begtiginids (NE Iraq, Kurdistan: Irbīl; N Syria: Ḥarrān)
Börids or Būrids (Damascus, S Syria)
Būyids or Buwayhids (N, W, S Persia; Iraq)
Dābūyid Ispahbadhs (Gīlān; Rūyān, Ṭabaristān coastlands: Sārī)
Dulafids (Central Jibāl: Karaj)
Eldigüzids or Ildegizids (Azerbaijan, Arrān, N Jibāl)
Ḥasanūyids or Ḥasanawayhid (S Kurdistan)
Hāshimids (Bāb Abwāb/Darband and its hinterland)
Hazāraspids (Luristān)
Justānids (Daylam: Rūdbār-Shāh Rūd valleys)
Kākūyids or Kākawayhids (Jibāl & Kurdistan)
Luʾluʾids (Mosul & Jazīra)
Maliks of Nīmrūz (Sīstān)
Musāfirids or Sallārids (Daylam: Ṭārum and Samīran; Azerbaijan; Arrān)
Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs in Persia (Persian mountainous regions Alamūt)
Qutlughkhānids (Kirmān)
Rawwādids (Azerbaijan: Tabrīz)
Sājids (Azerbaijan)
Salghurids (Fars)
Seljuqs (Persia, Iraq, Syria)
Shāddādids (Arrān, E. Armenia)
Shāh-i Armanids (E Anatolia: Akhlāṭ)
Sharwan Shāhs (E Transcaucasia: Yazīdiyya)
Zangids (Jazīra & Syria)
Ziyārids (Ṭabaristan, Gurgān)
Umayyads
Umayyad East (Iraq, Syria, Arabian Peninsula)
Umayyad West (Iberian Peninsula, except the north)
Expand Full List
Document Types
All
Historical Primary Sources
Qurʾān
Legal Treatises (Fiqh)
Legal Maxims Treatises (Qawāʿid al-Fiqh)
Jurisprudential Treatises (Uṣūl al-Fiqh)
Judicial Procedure Manuals (Adab al-Qāḍī)
Judicial Biographies (Akhbār al-Quḍāt)
Ḥadīth (Prophetic Reports)
Genizah Papyri
Fatwās – Historical
Court Records
Archival Documents
Contemporary Primary Sources
Administrative Decisions
Advisory Opinions
Constitutions
Court Cases
Fatwās - Contemporary
Government Statements
Governmental / Committee Reports
Nongovernmental Reports
Legislation
Open Letters
Sources By School
Sunnī Law
Shīʿī Law (Imāmī)
Ibāḍī Law
Ismāʿīlī Law
Zaydī Law
Salafīs and Other
Expert Analysis
Commentary
Interview
Policy Papers
Book Reviews
Other Legal Documents
Amicus Briefs
Arbitration Decisions
Case Briefs
Resources
Country Profiles
Islamic Law Lexicon
Islamic Law Teaching
Scholarship in Plain English
0 results
Sort by:
Best Match
Recent First
Oldest First
Author Last Name